Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919? Explain.
Gandhiji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919 because it had the British government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. The sucessfully organised satyagraha movements in various places had also emboldened Gandhi.
Explain the circumstances under which Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.
The circumstances were-
(i) When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Gandhi, was arrested in 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing armoured cars and police firing. This led to violent clashes.
(ii) When Gandhi himself arrested, Industrial workers at Sholapur attacked all structures that symbolised British rule.
(iii) The government responded with a policy of brutal repression. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked and about 100,000 people were arrested.
Describe the main features of the 'Salt March'.
Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
(i) Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
(ii) The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhi ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day.
(iii) He ceremonially violated the British law when by manufacturing salt from sea water. This has also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Two features (1) and (2) are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map:
(1) The place, where the Indian National Congress Session of September 1920 was held.
(2) The place, where the movement of Indigo Planters took place.
OR
Locate and label the following features with appropriate symbols on the same political outline map of India.
(i) Amritsar − The place of Jallianwala Bagh incident.
(ii) Bardoli − The place were no tax campaign was held.
1. The place, where the Indian National Congress session of September, 1920 was held is Calcutta.
2. The movement of Indigo planters took place in Champaran.
How did the plantation workers understand the idea of ‘Swaraj’? Explain.
The plantation workers understood the idea of Swaraj as-
(i) The right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) It meant retaining a link with villages from which they had come.
(iii) They interpreted the Swaraj in their own ways, imagining it to be a time when all sufferings and all troubles would be over.
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