A stone of mass m tied to the end of a string revolves in a vertical circle of radius R. The net forces at the lowest and highest points of the circle directed vertically downwards are: [Choose the correct alternative]
Lowest Point
Highest Point
a
mg – T1
mg + T2
b
mg + T1
mg – T2
c
mg + T1 – (mv12) / R
mg – T2 + (mv12) / R
d
mg – T1 – (mv12) / R
mg + T2 + (mv12) / R
T1 and V1 denote the tension and speed at the lowest point.
T2 and v2 denote corresponding values at the highest point.
The free body diagram of the stone at the lowest point is shown in the figure below:
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the net force acting on the stone at this point is equal to the centripetal force.
i.e., Fnet = T - mg = ...(i) where,
v1 is the velocity at the lowest point.
The free body diagram of the stone at the highest point is shown in the following figure.
Using Newton’s second law of motion,
T + mg = ...(ii)
where, v2 is the velocity at the highest point. Net force acting at the lowest = (T - mg)
The property by virtue of which the body cannot change its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless an external force is acting on the body is called as Inertia.
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