On the given political outline map of India mark and label the following:

(i) Any two Harappan Sites, (ii) Magadh, Kuru, Taxila

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The Strategies for procuring materials by the Harappans for craft production are:

(i)The Harappans procured materials for craft production in various ways . They established settlements such as Nageshwar and Balakot in areas where shell was available.

(ii)Other sites like Shortughai , in far off Afghanistan , the best source of lapis lazuli , a blue stone that was apparently very highly valued. From Lothal and Bharuch –carnelian was procured , steatite from south Rajasthan and North Gujarat.

(iii) Another strategy for procuring raw material may have been to send expeditions to areas such as Khetri region of Rajasthan for copper and South India for Gold.

(iv)Recent Archaeological finds suggest that Harappans procured material from other countries like – they got copper from Oman a region called Magan in Mesopotamian texts. It is likely that communication with Oman , Bahrain or Mesopotamia was by sea. 

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The distinctive features of urban centres in Harappan civilization are.

1. The division of town into Citadel and lower town where, citadel was on the higher ground with its huge structure probably used for public purposes and the lower town wheere we find the residential area with its distinct architecture.

2. Drainage system- It was one of the most important feature of the urban centres, it was neatly laid with idea to keep it clean and was connected with every drain of the residential area.

3. streets- Every part of the town was connected with roads and street. It was laid out along an approximate “grid” pattern, intersecting at right angles. It appears that drain and streets were laid out first and then houses were built along them.

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The examples:

 (i) The settlements is divided into two sections, one smaller but higher and other much larger but lower.

 (ii) Archaeologists designate these as the Citadel and Lower Town respectively. The citadels owes its height to the fact that buildings were constructed on mud brick platforms. It was walled, which meant that it was physically separated from the lower town.

 (iii) One of the most distinctive features of Harappan cities was the carefully planned drainage system. The roads and streets were laid out along an approximate grid pattern, intersecting at right angles.

 (iv) The lower Town at Mohenjodaro provides examples of residential buildings. Every house had its own bathroom paved with bricks, with drains connected through the wall to street drains.

 (v) Many houses had wells, often in a room that could be reached from the outside and perhaps used by passer-by. Some houses have remains of staircases to reach a second storey or the roof.

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(i) Dholavira, (ii) Kalibangan, (iii) Harappa, (iv) Mohenjodaro, (v) Chanhudaro