In the case of one end closed pipe _________ harmonics are present.

To understand the propagation of transversal waves in a media, consider nine particles of media on a reference line AB. Let the particles vibrate perpendicular to line AB with amplitude ‘a’ and the wave propagates along AB from left to right. When the wave propagates, the different particles of media vibrate in different phase because it takes some time to transfer the disturbance (momentum and energy) from one particle to next particle. For sake of simplicity, let disturbance take T/8 seconds to travel from one particle to next. At t =0, all the particles are at mean position.
At t = T/8 sec, particle 1 gets displaced by 0.707a distance in upward direction, while the disturbance reaches the particle 2.
At t = 2T/8 sec, particle 1 reaches positive extreme position, the particle 2 gets displaced by 0.101a distance in upward direction and the disturbance reaches the particle 3.


At t = 3T/8 sec, particle 1 after completing three eighth of vibration, comes back to 0.707a, the particle 2 reaches positive extreme position, particle 3 undergoes the displacement of 0.707a and the disturbance just reaches the particle 4.
In this way the disturbance continues and the position of different particles at 4778, 5778, 6778 and 7778 seconds is as shown in figure.
After T seconds, the particle 1 completes one vibration and particle 9 is just at the point to start its first vibration. Thus, the particle 1 leads the particle 9 in phase by angle