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Class 10 Class 12

Poverty As A Challenge

Do you think that the present methodology of Poverty estimation is appropriate?

No, the present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate.

It is only a quantitative concept. It captures only a limited part of what poverty really means to the people. It is about a ‘minimum’ subsistence level of living rather than a 'reasonable' level of living.

1322 Views

Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.

The vulnerable groups:

(i)Social groups - Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe households.

(ii)Economic groups - Rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households.

1467 Views

Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.

The major reasons for poverty in India are discussed below:

(i) One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British Colonial administration.

(ii)The policies of the Colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of Industries like textile.

(iii)With the spread of irrigation and the Green Revolution many job opportunities were created in the agricultural sector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India.

(iv)Another reason of high poverty rate has been the huge income inequalities.

(v)One of the major reasons for this is the unequal distribution of land and other reasources.

2430 Views

Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India?

The poverty line is estimated in India into the following methods:

(i)Income Method — Under Income method, a minimum per capita income is fixed like in 1999-2000, the income was fixed at Rs. 328 per capita per month, and in urban areas it was Rs. 454. If any family has less than the fixed income, it is considered as below the poverty line. This method is used to distribute food at subsidized price through PDS.

(ii)Expenditure Method —

(a)Under this method the minimum nutritional food requirement for survival is estimated. The total minimum food requirement is firstly measured in calories. The calories is then converted into money value.

(b)A minimum amount which is required for clothes and other requirements is added to the money value of food. This total amount is considered as poverty line.

(c)All the families which spend less than the poverty line are considered as below the poverty line families. In India, the daily minimum nutritional requirement for a person has been fixed at 2400 calories in rural areas, and 2100 calories in urban areas.

2304 Views

Describe the poverty trends in India since 1973.

	Poverty ratio (%)			Number of Poor
Year	Rural	Urban	Cambined	Rural	Urban	Combined
1973-74 1993-94	56.4 37.3	49.0 32.4	54.9 36.0	261 244	60 76	321 320
1999-00	27.1	23.6	26.1	193	67	260

(i)It is clear from the above table that there is substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993.

(ii)The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000.

(iii)If the trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per cent in the next few years.

1401 Views

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Poverty As A Challenge

Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India?