What is an ecological system ? Identify the major types of ecosy
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What is a biome ?

A large area with distinct groups of plants and animals.
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What do you understand by the term ‘food web’ ? Give examples.

A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.


For example a mouse feeding on grain may be eaten by different secondary consumers (carnivores) and these carnivores may be eaten by another set of different tertiary consumers.
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What is a food-chain? Give one example of a grazing food-chain identifying the various levels.

The sequence of eating and being eaten with the resultant transfer of energy from one level to another level is known as food chain.


The example is that the plants and grass is eaten by a deer and the deer is being eaten by lion. In this way the energy is transferred from one level to another.
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What do you understand by the term ‘ecology’ ?

Ecology is the study of the earth as a household of plants, animals and microorganisms. They all live together as interdependent components. In the words of Earnest Hackles “The study of interaction between lifeforms (biotic) and physical environment (abiotic) is the science of ecology”.
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What is an ecological system ? Identify the major types of ecosystems in the world.


The interactions of a particular group of organism with land, air and water within a particular habitat or habitats resulting in clearly defined energy flows and material cycles on land, water and air are called ecological systems.


There are two major types of ecosystems :

(i) Terrestrial and

(ii) Aquatic ecosystem.

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