1. Reduced earth : The model of the earth is represented by the help of a reduced scale on a flat sheet of paper. On this model the network of graticule can be transferred.
2. Parallels of Latitude : These are the circles round the globe parallel to the equator and maintaining uniform distance from the poles. They are demarcated as 0° to 90° North and South.
3. Meridians of Longitude : Longitudes are also the elements of map projection. These are drawn north to south direction from one pole to the other and two opposite meridians make a complete circle i.e. circumference of the globe.
4. Global Property : These are :
(i) distance between any given points of a region;
(ii) shape of the region;
(iii) size or area of the region in accuracy;
(iv) direction of any one point of the region bearing to another point.
1. Correctness of the area
2. Direction
3. Distance
4. Shape of the area.
Non-developable Surface : A non-developable surface is that which cannot be cut or folded into flat sheet paper, e.g. globe.
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