Modernity assumes that local ties and parochial perspectives give way to universal commitments and cosmopolitan attitudes, that the truths of utility, calculation and science take precedence over those of emotions, that identity be chosen and achieved, not ascribed and affirmed, that work be separated from family, residence and community in bureaucratic organzation.

Waven silk spinners and twisters of bihar lost their jobs once the Chinese and Korean silk came the market. Consumers prefer this yarn at is somewhat cheaper and has shine.

The term Sanskritisation was coined by M.N. Srinivas. It may be defined as the process by which a ‘low’ caste or tribe or other group takes over the customs, ritual, beliefs, ideology and style of life of a high and, in particular, a ‘twice-born (dwija) caste’.
  It has been criticized at different levels:
(i) It has been criticised for exaggerating social mobility or the scope of ‘lower castes’ to move up the social ladder. For it leads to no structural change but only positional change of some individuals. 
(ii) It has been pointed out that the ideology of Sanskritisation accepts the ways of the ‘upper caste’ as superior and that of the ‘lower caste’ as inferior.
(iii) Sanskritisation’ seems to justify a model that rests on inequality and exclusion. It appears to suggest that to believe in pollution and purity of groups is justifiable.
(iv) It leads to practices of secluding girls and women, adopting dowry practices instead of bride-price and practising caste discrimination against other groups, etc.
(v) The effect of Sanskritisation was such that the key characteristics of dalit culture and society are eroded. For example the very worth of labour which ‘lower castes’ do is degraded and rendered ‘shameful'.

1. The term' westernization'  refers to the adoption of western culture, traditions and customs.   Indian people started adopting western thoughts and culture during the British rule.
2. Westernization has also influenced political ideas and thinking. For example, Nationalism and democracy emerged as two great ideas in the west. They came to India through westernisation.

If we look into the two processes of modernisation and secularisation together no doubt they are closely linked as both are part of a set of modern ideas. Modernization refers in social sciences to the process of evolution from the traditional into modern society.
Secularization marks a process in which especially in industrialized societies the religious beliefs, practices institutions have lost their former social importance, the traditional beliefs are subjected to rational questioning, the monopoly of religious symbols is broken with the pluralization of the life spheres and people have established more control on their environment with the rise of individualism.
As a result of modernization, there occurs a partition from religious thoughts and practices and even from the metaphysical conceptions in all realms of human life.