Discuss Sugar Industry in India.
Sugar Industry:
(i)India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari.
(ii)The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces.
(iii)In 2010-11 there were over 662 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat along with Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.
(iv)Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
(v)This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector.
Write a brief note on Fertilizer Industry in India.
Fertilizer Industry:
(i)The fertiliser industry is centred around the production of nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly urea), phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium phosphate (DAP) and complex fertilisers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), and potash (K).
(ii)Potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form.
(iii)India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers. There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilisers, 29 for urea and 9 for producing ammonium sulphate as a byproduct and 68 other small units produce single superphosphate.
(iv)At present, there are 10 public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporation of India.
(v)After the Green Revolution the industry expanded to several other parts of the country. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half the fertiliser production
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1. Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called.....
2. The basic raw material for sugar industry.
3. This fibre is also known as the‘Golden Fibre’.
4. Iron-ore, coking coal and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry.
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place.
1. Agrobased, 2. Sugarcane, 3. Jute, 4. Iron and steel, 5. Bhilai, 6. Varanasi
Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
The below mentioned steps should be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry:
(i) Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(iv)Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be regulated legally.
(v)Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories. Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
Mention the factors which are responsible for localisation of jute textile mills mainly along the banks of the Hugli river.
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