Derive an expression for work done in isothermal reversible expansion of ideal gas.
What do you understand by:
(i) Isothermal process
(ii) Adiabatic process
(iii) Isobaric process
(iv) Isochoric process
(v) Cyclic process?
(i) Isothermal process: A process is said to be isothermal if the temperature of the system remains constant i.e. operation is carried at a constant temperature. For an isothermal process, dT = 0 where dT is the change in temperature.
(ii) Adiabatic process: In an adiabatic process, no heat can flow from the system to the surrounding or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
(iii) Isobaric process: It is the process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant i.e. dP = 0. The volume may or may not change.
(iv) Isochoric process: It is a process during which the volume of the system is kept constant i.e dV = 0.
(v) Cyclic process. When a system undergoes a series of changes and finally returns to its initial state, it is an example of the cyclic process. In cyclic process dU = 0.
What do you mean by internal energy and internal energy change?
Give the points of difference between reversible process and irreversible process.
Reversible process |
Irreversible process |
1. Such processes take place infinitesimally slowly and their direction at any point can be reversed. |
1. The process cannot be reversed. |
2. It is a slow process. |
2. It is a fast process. |
3. This process is in equilibrium at all stages of operation. |
3. There is no equilibrium. |
4. This is an ideal and imaginary process. |
4. It is a real process. |